血清全段甲状旁腺激素浓度对甲状腺全切除术后发生永久性甲状旁腺功能减退症的预测效果

目的 探讨甲状腺全切除术后 24 h全段甲状旁腺激素(intact parathyroid hormone, iPTH)浓度与永久性甲状旁腺功能减退(permanent hypoparathyroidism, pHPP) 的关系及其预测效果。方法 收集首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院普外科 2008 年 12 月至 2019 年 12 月期间,行甲状腺全切除的共 622 例甲状腺癌及甲状腺良性病变患者的病例资料。采用单因素及多因素 Logistic 回归分析术后 24 h iPTH 与术后发生永久性甲状旁腺功能减退的相关性;采用受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC),评估发生永久性甲状旁腺功能减退症的预测效力。结果 622 例患者中,发生永久性甲状旁腺功能减退的患者共 25 例,发生率为 4.02%(25/622),多因素分析显示,术后第1天测定的 iPTH(OR=2.815, 95% CI:1.169~6.781,P=0.021)是术后发生永久性甲状旁腺功能减退的独立预测危险因素。AUC为0.974(95%CI:0.958~0.985,P< 0.001),iPTH 浓度 5.45 pg/mL 为临界值。预测的灵敏度为100%,特异度为 88.6%,Kappa=0.385。结论 甲状腺全切除术后第1天测定的 iPTH浓度和术后发生永久性甲状旁腺功能低下密切相关临床预测的灵敏度高,但总一致性较差,临床应用误差较高,需要注意。     

乳晕入路内镜下甲状腺切除术操作空间建立的研究

目的探讨在乳晕人路内镜下甲状腺切除术中建立操作空间的解剖平面。方法2012年6—12月45例行乳晕人路内镜下甲状腺切除术,注水针顶住胸骨柄在胸大肌浅筋膜的深面注射膨胀液,经胸骨上间隙进入颈深筋膜浅层后方建立操作空间。结果45例手术操作成功,分离操作空间的时间平均为6．8min（4～12min）。无神经及甲状旁腺损伤;无一例术后要求药物止痛;无皮肤灼伤、皮下瘀斑、皮下积液、颈部皮肤麻木;2例皮下脂肪液化经换药术后2周内治愈。术后颈部皮瓣水肿表现为胸骨上凹消失（38例）或隆起（7例）,1个月后均恢复正常,43例随访6～12个月,平均7．3月,诉颈部和胸壁皮肤绷紧感分别有24例和3例,在术后3～6个月内消失。结论在乳晕人路内镜下甲状腺切除术中,经胸大肌浅筋膜深面进入颈深筋膜浅层后方的方法建立操作空间简单、快速、暴露好,术后疼痛轻,皮肤并发症少。     

胆道、十二指肠支架置入治疗胆道合并十二指肠恶性梗阻

目的探讨胆道支架、十二指肠支架置入治疗胆道合并十二指肠恶性梗阻的临床价值。方法2008年1月～2013年12月,对24例同时存在胆道和十二指肠恶性梗阻的患者完成胆道支架、十二指肠支架置入,其中介入中心10例患者行经皮肝穿刺造影完成胆道金属支架置入（percutaneoustranshepaticinsertionofbiliarystent,PTIBS）,14例消化内镜中心患者行逆行胰胆管造影放置胆道金属支架（endoscopicretrogradecholangiopancreatography—guidedbiliarystent,ERCP．BS）,其中1例失败后改行经皮肝穿刺胆管外引流术不纳入随访研究。胆管支架置入术后1周完成十二指肠支架置入。观察手术成功率、临床症状缓解率、并发症、支架通畅时间及患者生存期等指标。结果联合支架置入成功率95．8％（23／24）,梗阻症状消失率87．0％（20／23）;十二指肠支架置入术后1周胃出口梗阻评分（2分6例,3分17例）较术前（O分6例,1分17例）明显改善（Z=-4．796,P=0．000）。胆道支架通畅时间（73．9±5．3）d,生存时间（93．0±4．9）d。十二指肠支架再发梗阻率17．4％（4／23）。均未出现严重并发症。结论胆道、十二指肠支架联合置入治疗恶性胆道、十二指肠梗阻安全有效。     

内镜超声引导下胰腺实性占位细针穿刺活检术的护理配合

正内镜超声(endoscopic ultrasound,EUS)是结合了普通内镜检查与腔内超声波探查功能的一种特殊内镜诊治技术。利用安装在内镜前端的微型高频超声探头,在常规内镜检查的基础上,可将消化道黏膜下及其邻近脏器或组织的解剖结构清晰地呈现出来。在诊断胰腺占位时,EUS被认为是最敏感的技术,可探查出直径小于5 mm的占位,是发现早期胰腺癌极为有效的工具。内镜超声引导下细针穿刺活检术(endoscopic     

静脉曲张性上消化道出血内镜治疗117例护理体会

目的:探讨静脉曲张性上消化道出血内镜治疗的护理方法.方法:对117例食管曲张静脉破裂出血和胃底曲张静脉破裂出血的患者,做好常规的急诊内镜检查和治疗工作,根据不同出血部位分别给予硬化治疗、套扎治疗、组织粘合剂栓塞静脉治疗.结果:117例患者中,115例取得满意的止血治疗效果,2例术后出现再出血,均给予及时处理后止血.结论:做好术前准备、术中配合和术后护理,出院后做好随访工作,可使内镜治疗静脉曲张性上消化道出血顺利进行,取得满意效果.     

迷你腹腔镜甲状腺切除术

目的 探索迷你腹腔镜甲状腺切除术的可行性、微创性及临床应用价值.方法 对33例甲状腺肿瘤患者行迷你腹腔镜甲状腺肿瘤切除术.结果 手术成功32例,中转开放1例.手术时间28～180min,术中出血量2～120mL.无术后大出血、窒息、声音嘶哑、手足抽搐等严重并发症,术中、术后无死亡病例.结论 迷你腹腔镜甲状腺切除术是安全可行的.手术切口隐蔽,愈合后几乎不留疤痕,创伤小,美容效果好,有望成为腹腔镜甲状腺切除术的主流术式.     

Cadaveric study of the endoscopic endonasal transtubercular approach to the anterior communicating artery complex

The endoscopic transnasal approach to the anterior communicating artery (ACoA) complex is not widely performed. This cadaveric study investigated the surgical relevance of the anterior endoscopic approach to the treatment of ACoA aneurysms. Bi-nasal endoscopic transtubercular surgery was carried out on fresh adult cadavers. Primary outcomes measures incorporated dimensions of the endonasal corridor (operative field depth, lateral limits, size of the transplanum craniotomy and dural opening); vascular exposure (proximal and distal anterior cerebral arteries [ACA], ACoA, clinoidal internal carotid artery [ICA] segment); and operative manoeuvrability defined by clip placements (ipsilateral and contralateral). Eight cadaver heads were used (mean age 84 ± 7 years, range 76–94 years, 75% female). Mean operative depth was 97 ± 4 mm. The lateral corridors were limited proximally by the alar rim openings (31 ± 2 mm), and distally by the optic nerves (22 ± 6 mm). The endonasal craniotomy dimensions were 21 ± 5 mm anteroposteriorly, and 22 ± 4 mm laterally. Vascular exposure was achieved in 100% of subjects for the ACoA segment and the ACA segments proximal to the ACoA (A1). The ACA segments distal to the ACoA (A2) were accessible only in 40% of subjects. Endonasal clip placement across the ACoA segment, clinoidal ICA, A1 and A2 were 100%, 90%, 90%, and 30%, respectively. The ventral endoscopic endonasal approach to the ACoA complex provides excellent vascular visualisation without brain retraction or gyrus rectus resection. However, the limitation in access to the A2 for temporary clip placement may prove to be a significant limitation of this approach.     

Endourological Treatment of Foreign Bodies in the Urinary System

Background and Objectives:

In this retrospective study, nature, clinical presentations, diagnostic modalities, and endoscopic treatment of urinary system foreign bodies were evaluated.

Methods:

A total of 8 cases were treated with endoscopic surgery between February 15, 2007 and June 12, 2012. Clinical findings, radiologic diagnosis, and management were reviewed.

Results:

We observed that urinary tract foreign bodies were generally secondary to iatrogenic causes; however, bladder/urethral foreign bodies could also be due to self-insertion. Clinical findings were different secondary to their location in the urinary system. All foreign bodies were treated endoscopically.

Conclusions:

Foreign bodies of the urinary system can successfully be treated with endoscopic modalities without any complications.     

A case report on the usefulness of early endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided transgastric internal stenting for severe blunt pancreatic trauma

IntroductionTherapeutic strategies for pancreatic trauma vary greatly depending on its severity. Surgical intervention is recommended in cases of severe pancreatic injuries for which standard therapy is not advised. We present a two-step treatment method for severe pancreatic injury using an endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided transgastric internal stent.Clinical caseA 50 year-old male with blunt abdominal trauma sustained in a traffic accident was transported with vital signs indicating shock and CT findings of complete transection of the proximal pancreas and a huge haematoma. A life-saving primary emergency damage control operation was performed. A secondary EUS-guided transgastric internal stent was placed into the pancreatic fluid collection on post-operative day 8 (POD 8). The pancreatic juice secreted from the transected pancreatic tail eventually flowed along the internal stent and emptied completely into the stomach. The patient did not display prognostic symptoms at discharge.DiscussionEUS-guided transgastric internal stenting is currently considered the first line of therapy for pancreatic pseudocysts. It is recommended that pseudocyst drainage occur at least four weeks or more after its formation. In this severe case of blunt pancreatic trauma, the primary damage control operation saved the patient's life. Following primary surgery, a secondary early operation involved insertion of an EUS-guided transgastric internal stent into the collection of pancreatic juice secreted from the transected pancreatic tail, which allowed complete recovery without surgical extraction or reconstruction of the pancreatic tail.ConclusionIn cases of severe pancreatic trauma, practitioners should consider the value of early EUS-guided transgastric internal stenting.